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Pediatric radiology - specifics of selected radiological examinations
ZACHAROVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of the examination of pediatric patients in the radiology department. The theoretical part describes how different is the work with children, not only in terms of developmental differences (anatomical, physiological and psychological), but also the established procedures which, if applied correctly, should lead to a reduction in the resulting radiation dose to the paediatric patient or his/her companion. Furthermore, in individual chapters, it introduces the reader in more detail to the specifics of the examination of children in the radiology department, specifically on X-ray (scans), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Within my practical part, two objectives were set in total. The first aim was to determine whether the accompanying person was sufficiently informed about the examination process - its advantages and disadvantages. The second aim was to find out which examinations are most frequently performed by children under 6 years of age in the radiology department. The questionnaire survey and data analysis of the radiology department of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. was used. It was found that the accompanying persons were sufficiently informed about the ongoing examination, but they did not always understand the information sufficiently. The data analysis revealed that children were most often examined by means of scanography, skiascopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Only a small fraction of children were diagnosed by computed tomography, mainly because of the high level of ionising radiation a child receives during this examination. The main result is that applying experts are very careful about pediatric radiation hygiene. Children are first examined using modalities that impose very little burden. This is also helped by the correct education of the accompanying person, whose presence can calm the child or, if necessary, can hold the child.
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Radiation protection of pediatric radiodiagnostic
VÁLKOVÁ, Alena
In my thesis I deal with ionizing radiation, its origin, its effects and principles. I also deal with radiation protection and its principles, medical exposure and pediatric radiodiagnostics in terms of imaging methods and specifics of radiation protection in paediatrics. And whether all the methods used to reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ionizing radiation are used. Part of the work is also devoted to the way of communication in this area and awareness, whether it is paid enough attention or this area is neglected in the Czech Republic.
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The aquistion of selected display methods in diagnosis of the inborn evolutionary defect of uropoetic system on children
CHVÁTALOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor work concentrates on summary of select display methods, describes basic process in detection of uropoetical illness in new-borns and its exploitation. There was a huge progress in some examinations which are now outdated or used only occasionally. Technical differences in radiodiagnostical achievements specific for child age come from anatomical and functional oddity of children in time of growth. It is necessary to mention different composition of bodily tissue which is displayed in different absorption of x-ray radiation. It is crucial to follow basic rules to indicate criteria for child age during the display process. After a brief description of kidney anatomy and physiology comes classification of innate evolutionary defect in child uropoetical system, examination variety, display method use. Sonography is the first choice display method for new-borns. Preparation, safety, reliability, high returns and absence of ionizing radiation are optimal for a small patient. Other display methods follow, according to their acquisition, although it is necessary to understand and fully embrace their merits, negatives and their possibilities. In the given time observation of innate evolutionary illness rate in child uropoetical wing took place according to sex, the most common type of anomaly, hollow system dilatation in A-P diameter and lateralization {--} the side of occurance. Relations to sex, heredity, siblings and age of mother was examined with the help of statistical methods.
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